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A Broken Tulip History

Can your heart break for a plant?  My heart has been broken by men, dogs, cats, and one particularly painful financial (but also sentimental) loss, but I never thought it could break for a flower… until I spiraled ‘down the rabbit hole’ of tulips. (Thanks, Betsy, for introducing this captivating subject to me.)

Of all the flowers in horticulture, the Tulip might be the most intriguing.  A modern homeowner may associate the Tulip with spring, bulbs, and maybe the Netherlands without ever realizing the crazy, rich history of these flowers. While no Sticks & Stones article could touch all of the facets of Tulip history, I’d like to share some points that were tragically shocking to me.  Who knows?  Maybe you’ll find a future Jeopardy answer or an intriguing conversation starter for your next tradeshow within this article. I hope I don’t break your heart as well, but we all know that misery loves company.

While the average homeowner, if asked, would probably say that Tulips come from Holland. A ‘fact’ that is reinforced by the Holland, Michigan Tulip Time Festival every year.  However, Tulips, veritably, came from central Asia and were first cultivated in Iran (Persia) in the 10th century. Before they were prized in the Netherlands, tulips were a symbol of power in the Ottoman Empire. The Dutch botanist Carolus Clusius is believed to be one of the first to plant tulip bulbs in central Europe. Clusius’ variegated tulips were so coveted that he was often the victim of theft.

Less than 50 years after introduction to the continent, tulips skyrocketed in value and were traded for the cost of a nice house.  Called ‘Tulip Mania’ or tulipomania, they were their own form of currency and became a popular subject for artists and poets. We most often hear of this craze affecting Holland, but it actually engulfed most of Europe.

During ‘Tulip Mania’ one plant emerged as the most valuable for being both rare and beautiful. It was called the Semper Augustus and few people actually saw it bloom, but because the owner wanted to commemorate the brief blossoms and artists were so enamored with tulips at the time, some paintings were done to immortalize the white and red coloration. Ironically, the nickname Rembrandt Tulips sticks with broken tulips, but Rembrandt himself very rarely painted them.

Alas, Semper Augustus (and many others of the time) were ‘broken’ tulips. Broken tulips are varieties that are infected by a virus (Tulip breaking virus or TBV, a potyvirus) that affects their petals causing patterns of flames and feathers. The virus that makes them so beautiful eventually kills them making the blooms wilt quicker and depleting the energy in the bulbs.  Worst of all, it is contagious (to other tulips, carried most often by aphids) and the bulbs carry the virus to the next generation of bulbs until they slowly disappear.

In modern times, we know all about viruses and the effect they can have on a crop.  Broken tulips are carefully regulated and quarantined away from healthy tulips so the virus does not spread. Unfortunately, in the 17th century, widespread knowledge of viruses was limited and eventually led to the first modern stock market, an economic bubble and crash. If we want to delve into the economics of Tulip Mania, we’ll have to do it another time, as the financial implications would require a whole other article (or two).

But wait, don’t we see broken tulips at Christensen’s each year?  Well, no. Yes, you can see a similar coloration.  Modern hybridization has evolved to create look-alikes of the Rembrandt tulips. Nowadays, you can pop into the plant center to buy (or pre-order!) Carnaval de Rio, Quebec, etc... and have your very own Semper Augustus look-alike without the danger of a plant virus overtaking your landscapes.

Beautiful paintings and woebegone stories still sentimentalize the history of the broken tulips, even now. Movies like Tulip Fever set during tulipomania, add to the legend with its tragic love story.

The deeper I looked into what should be a factual history, the more my heart ached with melancholy for the lost variations of tulips and the people who's lives were devastated by the financial ruin.

This is, of course, a very simplified article.  If you would like to get deeper into Tulip History, these articles are a good place to start.

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/semper-augustus-tulip-netherlands
https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/11/science/broken-tulips.html
https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/pdf/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.10.1052

Marci McIntosh

It's time to order Fall Bulbs from Christensen's! 

By pre-ordering, you can assure that you get exactly the varieties you need at the early order discount. Place your order before the deadline of Wednesday, September 4th, 2024.

Click here to see the Fall Bulb flyer.
(Password is the same as the App/Availability) 

Springtime On My Mind

It’s that time of year again. The weather is hot, and the days are long. The plants are growing, blooming, and the season is in full swing. The last thing on your mind is spring bulbs! This time of year, bulbs are at the forefront of mine.  Updating our bulb selection and preparing for our Early Order Bulb Program can take quite a bit of time. Last year, we revamped the program. Largely due to the quantity increase from 50 tulips per box to 100 per box and the daffs from 50 to 75. Along with the increased quantities in these bulb sizes, we added an additional value to our customers by offering quantity breaks at 2 boxes for all of our Crocus and unusual varieties, including Chionodoxa, Hyacinthoides, Iris, Muscari, and Scilla.

The Early Order Bulb Program allows our customers to take advantage of some substantial savings. Although there is still a discount for the more boxes you buy, it doesn’t even compare to the savings of getting that order in quickly!

This season we have added a few more selections to choose from.

'Rijnvelds Early Sensation'- This trumpet narcissus is the earliest to bloom in the spring, often blooming right alongside the crocus. Holds its own against cold spring climate. Bright yellow, boasting big 3” blooms.
75 per box

Rijnvelds Early Sensation Daffodil
Blushing Lady Daffodil

'Blushing Lady'- This daffodil is in our “bunch” category. Buttery pale yellow with pale peach/ pink cups. Two to three flowers on each stem, they stand about 16” tall. Bloom time is April.
75 per box

'Minnow' - These dwarf narcissus are super cute! Pale, creamy white petals with yellow cups. These charmers are approximately 8’ and have approximately 2-5 flowers per stem. Great naturalizer! Mid spring.
100 bulbs per box

Minnow Daffodil
Royal Virgin Tulip

'Royal Virgin'- Beautiful, pure white “Triumph” tulip. Traditional shape, strong stemmed. 16”-20” tall and bloom time of mid-April.
100 per box

“Doberman”- Deep red/burgundy “triumph” tulip with contrasting yellow edges. Absolutely striking in its color! Mid spring.
100 per box

Doberman Tulip by Dan Sparks-Jackson
Bulb Tone from Espoma

Unfortunately, every season we lose a few varieties that we have enjoyed. The good news is that there are so many fun choices it is exciting to see what each season holds in store! Be on the lookout for our bulb mailer that should land mid-July, but you can digitally check it out and print it if you click here! (The password is the same as the availability password on your e-mail) We also have the flyers at all our service counters. And don’t forget your BulbTone!!

Joanna Mueller byline

The Sweet Anguish of Waiting

I like to call this time of year ‘the season of anticipation.’ Over the years, as I’ve developed my patience, I have come to enjoy the sweet ache of waiting. My son, on the other hand, is in anguish waiting for each holiday to arrive, starting with Halloween. And after each one is over in the blink of an eye, he’ll be in anguish until the next one arrives.  

Of course, I have been trying to teach him the value of waiting. We've defined "patience" as "waiting with a good attitude" in our family.  If you ask him what patience is, he'll use that exact quote with an eye-roll and sing-song voice... which is sort of the opposite of the definition. 

Otto on a swing in the garden

In true childhood fashion, the lesson didn’t really sink in until his teacher had them plant seeds and they watched them germinate in a clear cup. He dutifully informed me that, “Even though you can’t see it, the seeds are working hard underneath the ground, taking up nutrients and growing roots.” I told him that the holidays were the same thing. Even though he couldn’t see it, Mom and his family were working hard to prepare for the events. He scowled and ran off.

Purple Hyacinth

Nothing in horticulture elicits more anticipation than bulbs. As so many aspects of our life have sped up (I blame online shopping), nature continues to keep her own time. And, for me, there’s something reassuring in having to patiently wait for an investment into the landscape. I’m sure for you, as landscape professionals, bulbs can be a hard sell in a “Want-It-Now” culture.

White Crocus

But the reward of early spring blooms in multiple colors and forms is something that everyone loves. This time of year, it’s important to communicate with your customers about the benefits of planting spring bulbs now.

Boxes of Bulbs on a Shelf
Bulbs in boxes on a Shelf

Come in and see the many options we offer. Take pictures to share with your customers. I love our “wall of bulbs”. It’s a wonderful way to see and choose your favorites. This beautiful and tempting full rack of color is the reason I purchased way more bulbs than I can plant by myself. Fortunately, I have a ready supply of labor because my son has become very excited about planting. Of course, once we plant our tulips, daffodils and allium, I’m sure he’ll be in anguish for spring.

Marci McIntosh